There are a couple of plugins that you can probably use:
https://www.construct.net/forum/extending-construct-2/work-in-progress-addons-30/plugin-jcw-trace-raycast-112436
https://www.construct.net/forum/extending-construct-2/addons-29/behavior-rex-light-78888
But I would stick to Bullet. If you make the collision polygon shape close to circle, it should bounce off corners pretty well. Add a rough, low-fps animation to it and you'll get what you want.
Ahh, so the shape determines the bounce? That might explain the weird bouncing issues. Are there any examples of using these plugins to create a ball effect like this?