I would like to thank everyone for your tips and ideas, they are all very welcome.
This 'I am experienced in programming' can be a real burden. C2 is not that 'pretty intuitive' as you might think after a short glance at it. I would like to advise you to invent a little project and 'script' it in C2. That is a complete other world than following 1 tutorial. You still have months, now.
Thank you for the tip, of course I plan to create something bigger as well as following a few other tutorials to get the feel for what can be done with Construct. What I meant was that I wont have any trouble understanding the algorithms needed to create a game as well as understanding selection, iteration, object composition etc.
Back then a single Space Invaders level would be the ideal "Hello world" for a game engine but these days I'm guessing kids would gravitate more towards an Endless Runner types, Flappy Bird or even Stick Ninja.
I was thinking of something like that, maybe some kind of endless runner or a doodle jump clone ("endless jumper").
My basic idea so far is to create a few games together during the first few days, I show them how to do stuff and teach them how Construct works. I would like for them to be able to work on some kind of idea of their own during the last day or so, maybe with the help of the included templates. I will probably have a total of (at least) 600 minutes of class time with Construct so hopefully I can show them more than 1 game before moving on to everyone trying to create their own. Please continue suggesting games/tutorials for me to use!
Time allotment
1 day visit to local science center
0.5 days spent creating art, hopefully using Wacom tablets.
3.5 days teaching and using Construct