1- you can simply create a secondary set of animations with 8 angles and program your own animation, or create a "turnaround" animation with different angles that's being showed when the character is turning. To me, it won't really improve the visual quality of a game and cost a lot of HDD space.
2- I haven't seen such a function with the platform behavior, but you can store the position of the object during 3 frames and combine them so you obtain two 2-dimensionnal vectors. You compare the two vectors and... you can see if your character is accelerating.
Or you can program your own platform movement with events.
3- It will be attached to the same image point (the same name or ID). You only have to place it on every animation you make for your spaceship.
4- Dunno the right technique. I'd personnally draw objects on the screen to hide a part of the map, according to values stored in a dynamic array, but I think this isn't the best solution.