The error in the log indicates that the method is called, so it's fine.
To build with C3 you need to export your project for Cordova, then unzip the exported game and edit two files - config.json and config.xml
See how other cordova plugins are configured there and add "cordova-plugin-device" the same way, preserving the correct formatting!
After that add all files back to ZIP, open Export Manager in C3, load your updated zip there and click "Build application" icon.
This will only work if cordova-plugin-device plugin is whitelisted in C3, I am not sure if it is.