Manually as in do whatever you can using align and distribute after choosing the size and number of dots you have, then repositioning to fit curves ect.
Even the example you gave, it is immediately obvious they also did it by hand, considering where concessions had to be made such as lining up the curve in B, the different spacings for E and F, and the different dot sizes in the I.
Sometimes there is no easy way out, and even in this case doing the dots for just 26 letters is not really much work.
Your method of using a patterened line is fine, but you'll just have to handle the line junctions smartly yourself.