Hi once again,
Apparently the problem is with my phone. Tried it with your template and got this error:
http://i.imgur.com/CDKU8Gv.png
My phone did work with Canvas+ before (since I have tested my game on it several times before) so I'm not sure what's going on..
edit: Oops. Searched around a bit more and apparently CocoonJS isn't compatible with CyanogenMod, which is what I'm using in my phone.
edit2: Ok, now this is driving me insane. I tried it on another phone and got the same exact error. Only this phone isn't rooted or has a custom rom installed. It's a Samsung Galaxy Grand Prime (SM-G531H) running Android 5.1.1.
Tried both my own game doing the fixes described and one of AndreasR 's templates (CocoonOpenURL).
Now I'm at a loss - and I'm sure my game worked just fine on my phone at least a couple months ago in this same rom.
Edit3: Finally I got it working on both phones. I deleted the entire project from Cocoon.IO, then exported my game with the Cordova option and added the "|| this.isCocoonJS" in c2runtime.js. This resetted all the options so I had to turn on Canvas+ again. Tested it and it's working.