Here's a small cap of how I would do it
http://dl.dropbox.com/u/1289341/charge.cap
By adding timedelta to charge when the charge button is down, it increases charge by essentially 1 per second, so to reach the small charge bullet, you would hold down charge for more than 1 second, but less than 3 etc, so you can change the values I used in the subevents to however many seconds you want to charge for each level of charge.
The other reason I'm using timedelta is because if you did something like, 'add 1 to charge variable', it would add 1 per tick, meaning, people with faster computers could potentially charge their guns faster! Having it add per tick also means each charge level has to be a much higher value (like 60ish for one second of charge time). Timedelta however, behaves the same regardless of frames per second (there are exceptions but we won't go there! )
Enjoy! If you need further elaboration, please let me know