In your case, if the value only is calculated when you change the fader, I'd go with a global variable to store it.
So, On input -> set global variable to round(3.1 * (1 - exp(-0.035 * FaderValue)))
This stores the result until you change the input again. So yes, you can set a variable to that equation, just keep in mind it stores the result, not the equation itself.
As for applying it to several objects in your project, that depends on what exactly you want to do. You could use families and custom actions to handle whatever the objects need to do based on the value. Perhaps a function also does the trick in your case. Most likely either of those will be what you're looking for.