You can loop over all the tiles and use an array to make a list of xy positions where a road tile is. Then you can pick a random xy pair from the list.
Looping over all the tiles can be time consuming so instead of doing that every time you can just maintain the list of road tiles and update that when you add or remove road tiles.
Alternatively you could use sprites instead of those tiles. Sprites are great if you want to pick a specific one. Arrays and tile maps are great for accessing things at specific spots.