You do have the vector though. If you're moving with:
Set X to self.x+60*dt
Set y to self.y+30*dt
The the velocity vector would be (60,30) and the displacement vector in one frame would be (60*dt, 30*dt). So the angle of motion would be angle(0,0,60,30).
The two ways to avoid collisions is either:
A. Use the displacement vector with the "overlaps at offset" condition to check if the object won't collide before moving it.
B. Move out of the object after it is found to be overlapping. I mentioned this in your other topic. The two common ways are to either move backwards till it's out or find the closest direction to move the out.
Their are pros and cons of each. With A you have to ensure that objects don't start overlapping, and you need to close the gap if the velocity is high. B is more common and reversing the motion is good for stopping whereas using the closest direction makes wall sliding easier.
Here is a simple collision resolver. All that's required is the X and y velocity the object is moving.
While
Sprite is overlapping wall
--- Sprite: move -1 pixel at angle angle(0,0,self.velocityX,self.velocityY)
The example in that link does a circle vs box collision resolution using sat with voronoi regions. If you've heard of the flash game N or N+, their website has a write up on the technique. It basically boils down to the distances between between the player and each corner and edge of the box is measured and the shortest distance is used. The distance() expression is used when comparing the distance to the corners and a vector cross product is used to find the distance to the edges. On a side note the motion is done with verlet inergration instead of Euler but that is a different topic.
Another advantage I like about using sat like in the link is I can calculate the exact position on the edge of the box to place the player. Whereas the example above is an iterative approach that can cause a gap up to a pixel between the objects, but you do get to use the object's collision polygon instead of treating it as a circle. I usually handle the gap by first moving out by pixels and then move back by tenths of a pixel till it's just shy of a overlap.