In Quebec we have what we call CEGEP (College), which is usually mandatory before University.
After the eleventh year at school (5th Secondary year in High School), most people go to College in prevision of going at University. But maybe half of them stop after College with a technical training in a specific field, computer science, mechanical design, etc.. Most advanced studies in College like biology, chemistry or mathematics won't be that useful if you don't plan to go to University.
Currently, Quebec high schools have a drop out rate of near 40% for boys. Which is pretty high. Those boys will later try to do private studies in car mechanics or welding which usually don't require you to have completed high school.
I don't know much about Exams and things like that since I didn't go to University but I know that we use a credits system in both College and University.
I plan to go back to University to get a Bachelor in computer science (90 credits) or just a certificate (30 credits), since I'm 26 and haven't been in school in the past 5 years. I can be admitted as an Adult candidate and only pass math and french test before starting the official program.
I find that pretty nice when you want to see how the real world works before choosing a career.