After some more testing, it turned out that the problem on AMD video cards is caused by the "--in-process-gpu" flag. Removing this flag fixed the problem (although the steam overlay will not work at the same time, but this is the lesser of two evils).
The compositing mode property had no effect on this problem, nor did the c3-steam-mode property.
If I had an AMD video card, I would have identified the source of the problem much sooner. But now I'm 99.9% sure :)
Obviously, the construct developers have no real control over this. Ashley, I apologize for the overly emotional statements directed at you!
UPD: In general, my tester is having problems with graphics again. It seems that the problem is not only in the "in-process-gpu". But definitely the solution is somewhere nearby, Since some early builds worked correctly for him