There is no best way, all the options you cited can be used (even the csv plugin).
For initial data, like your data strings I would opt for using external file, added to the files folder of your project, and loaded with the csv plugin into an array which works good as a list.
Then after changing the array you could save the Array.AsJSON to the webstorage object, and just make the game load from the webstorage if it exists otherwise load from the csv file.
If you want the database to be accessible by more than one computer then you would need a way to modify a file in dropbox or something, but that's beyond the scope of C2 and you would need to use a php script or something.