Is it possible to use modules (import, export) in C3 SDK addon external script files?
Right now, the answer is no, simply because the engine still supports classic mode for backwards compatibility at the moment.
Sooner or later we'll remove classic mode though so you can rely on modules mode. However there are still complications with importing - in particular when you compile to an APK, imports cannot refer to local files, so they stop working. To fix this we actually have to minify all the JavaScript code in the project even when you choose not to minify it when exporting to Android (or the legacy file: scheme on iOS) to work around this.
Whether or not that works with third party addons, to be honest I don't know, I've not tested anything with that and nothing in the official Construct addons attempt to do anything like that.
To work around the various preview/publishing quirks, you probably cannot use modules in addons and just have to rely on telling Construct about all your script files so it can manage them for you.