Unbounded scrolling is just that, unbounded.
So indeed, your solution of an extra camera object to which you fix the Y position and set the X position relatively to whatever/however you want sounds like the way to go/achieve such a custom scrolling.
As in general, performance questions should be answered by your own measurements, but in the absolute, there shouldn't be an impact using/setting your custom scrolling method to a game.
You can find examples of camera/scrolling in the How do I FAQ for Construct 2 and as far as I'm aware, they have not caused issues.