how do i make a crafting system like this without using an array? (very simply)

If you don't want to use an array or JSON, you can use a bunch of variables.

You will have to add events for crafting each item. For example, to craft a table, first check if wood>=4, subtract 4 from wood variable, add 1 to table variable.

But with more items this system will quickly become unmanageable. I strongly suggest learning arrays or JSON.