I don't know about the recording audio part, but there are audio effects you can apply at runtime - particularly playback speed.
For a true robot-like voice though, you're talking an effect like a vocoder, which take a signal and processes the carrier.
construct.net/en/make-games/manuals/construct-3/plugin-reference/audio
TL:DR - Out the box - probably no, with 3rd party plugins , maybe?