Localstorage should last forever, barring a significant update to the game that changes how saves are handled, reinstalling the browser (or changing browsers/computers), or manually clearing the browser cache. It is related to the "Cookies and other site data" option under the clear browsing data options in Chrome.
For persistent storage, your best option is to use a cloud service or your own server to sync user data online in addition to using local storage.
Alternatively, if your game is packaged as an app or executable, it should be significantly more difficult for localstorage to be unintentionally cleared.