if I were to put a filter on a layout would the layout not lag as much
This is an effect that is done on top, after the game has been rendered, so it would lag more.
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Yeah, it is not possible to improve performance with filters. You need to find out why your layout lags and try to fix that issue.
On the other hand, if you were going for pixel style graphics and used a lower viewport resolution and smaller sized sprites to achieve it (along with Fullscreen scaling), you could indeed have significant performance gains.