As I understand it, 100% opaque pixels are the fastest to render, fully transparent the second-fastest, and semi transparent third fastest. I don't think it matters whether the sprite's opacity is set to 60% or if the pixels contained in the image itself are 60% opaque, I think they will both render at the same speed. However, having an image where the actual pixels are rendered fully opaque but there appears to be a transparent object rendered in the image itself will be faster.
It also results in the video card having to draw less pixels, which is especially a help on mobile.