Because I thought this was all rather interesting, I created a small test to determine how much of a performance hit is taken generating objects on-screen as opposed to off-screen.
This test has two options; both use identical events to generate one of each of three sprites every tick and displays the time, frame rate and sprite count. One test only creates the sprites on-screen, and the other uses the entire layout. The tests will give you the exact count of sprites at which the frame rate reaches 30.
You can try it yourself here. I don't know how scientific this test really is, and I'd be interested to get some feedback on its accuracy as I think it could have an effect on how layouts are designed for games that depend on a smooth frame-rate.
For reference, on my machine, test 1 takes 8310 sprites to get to 30fps. Test 2 takes 11043 to get to 30fps