I think in the short term, the pragmatic thing to do if you just need it to work now is to downgrade the project to the C2 runtime and publish with that. It supports older browsers so should keep working even on devices that are missing years of software updates. The C2 runtime is scheduled to be removed in July 2021, but you can keep using it anyway for the time being.
In the mean time I do want to figure out what is going on here. It's possible there's a problem with Construct, but it could equally be something else like a driver bug on certain devices. I think the best next step to diagnose the problem would be to find an old device, connect it up with USB debugging, and check for any errors being logged to the browser console. The tutorial checking for errors in browsers has some info on that. It could also involve several different problems, so you may need to repeat this a few times and see what's going on in each case.